A fault is an abnormal condition in the power lines which occurs when two or more phases are short-circuited or unexpectedly grounded. There are two major types of fault which occur in a power system.
Those are:
Symmetrical faults: Here the values of fault currents are equal in all the three phases, therefore their analysis is easy. The faults under this are Line-Line-Line (LLL) fault and Line-Line-Line-Ground (LLLG) fault.
Unsymmetrical faults: Here the values of fault currents are different in all the three phases. The analysis of these faults is done by dividing these unsymmetrical components into symmetrical components. The faults under this are Single-Line-Ground (SLG) fault, Line-Line (LL) fault, and Line-Line-Ground (LLG) fault.
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